also known as WMO, specialized agency of the United Nations for meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology, and related geophysical sciences, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

also known as UNESCO, a specialized agency of the United Nations, established in 1945, serves to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science, and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and the human rights and fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the UN Charter.

also known as UNEP, the group that coordinates United Nations environmental activities covering a wide range of issues regarding the atomosphere, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, founded in December 1972, headquartered in Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya

the variations in solar output amplified by cloud feedback, results in stratospheric warming (greenhouse warming produces a cooling of the stratosphere).

a product of global warming through two main processes: expansion of sea water as the oceans warm, and melting of ice over land.